2G, the abbreviation for the second generation, is a technological standard for communication between mobile phones that was first introduced in Finland in 1991. Three key advantages of 2G networks over their predecessors were that calls were digitally encrypted, that the networks became much more efficient, resulting in much better coverage, and that 2G enabled new data-based services, starting with SMS text messages. 2G enabled networks to develop new services, including, after its introduction, text messages, as well as the sending of images and MMS multimedia messages. Smart meters also operate on 2G, and provinces and municipalities use 2G technology, for example, for opening and closing bridges and for dike monitoring. Emergency services deploy 2G to transmit signals to control rooms. By 2020, 2G had already been shut down in Japan and South Korea, and major telecom companies in the United States and Australia had either already shut down their 2G networks or announced plans to do so. KPN in the Netherlands has announced that it guarantees 2G will remain available until April 2025, but T-Mobile Netherlands discontinued 2G as of June 1, 2021. One consequence is that mobile phones compatible with 2G can no longer be used on the network of the relevant telecom provider. Providers utilize the bandwidth freed up by the discontinuation for the 4G network. Source: Wikipedia

3G (short for third generation) is a generation of mobile phone standards and technology based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) International Mobile Telecommunications Program's "IMT-2000" family of standards. 3G technology provides mobile users with a wider range of services featuring advanced capabilities and higher network speeds. These services include VoIP (internet telephony), video conferencing, and broadband internet access in a mobile environment. It is the successor to 2G and the predecessor to 4G. Typical speeds range between 5 and 10 megabits per second (Mb/s) and correspond in magnitude to broadband speeds on fixed connections (ADSL and cable). 3G techniques were developed in Japan in 2001 by 3GPP and first deployed in Asia around 2002, followed by the US. To this end, the World Administrative Radio Conference released the 230 megahertz spectrum at 2 gigahertz (GHz) for 3G networks. This allowed a mobile user to establish a wireless connection at the time with the following average speeds: 144 kilobits per second (kbit/s) for fast movement such as by car, 384 kbit/s for walking, and 2 megabits per second (Mbit/s) from a fixed location. Discontinuation: In the Netherlands, Vodafone stopped transmitting mobile internet via the 3G network in 2020[3] and KPN in 2022.[4] In 2022, 3G was only active on the T-Mobile network. The providers utilize the bandwidth freed up after the discontinuation for the 4G network.[5] Source: Wikipedia

4th generation (4G) is the fourth generation of mobile telecommunications standards. It is the successor to the 3G standard, which reached its peak in 2010 with 3.9G, also known as 'Pre-4G'. 3G was the first communication protocol to speak of generations, something that has since become commonplace. The speed of 4G is 100 megabits per second (Mbit/s) (equivalent to 12.5 megabytes per second (MB/s)) when traveling by train or car, and 1,000 megabits per second (equivalent to 125 megabytes per second) when walking or standing still. At the time—partly due to the high speed requirements—there was only one standard that, according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), met the conditions to be called 4G: LTE-Advanced. For the Netherlands, these frequencies were auctioned in 2012 among four telecom providers: KPN, T-Mobile Netherlands, Vodafone, and Tele2. For this frequency auction, no requirements were set regarding mandatory nationwide coverage. The auction yielded 3.8 billion euros in revenue for the Dutch State. For Belgium, frequencies were auctioned in 2013 among three telecom providers: Orange Belgium, Proximus, and Telenet. This auction yielded 360 million euros. The distribution key for these revenues was 80 percent for the federal level and 20 percent for the regions. The Belgian auction was conducted by the Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT). Source: Wikipedia

(Long Term Evolution Advanced) is een standaard voor mobiele communicatie. De standaard is een uitbreiding van 3GPP Long Term Evolution. De technologie van LTE-Advanced is dezelfde basistechnologie als LTE waardoor LTE-Advanced net als LTE een 4G-technologie is.

5G (fully: 5th generation mobile network or 5th generation wireless systems) is a telecommunications standard. It is characterized by higher data throughput and lower delay (latency) compared to its predecessor, 4G/IMT-Advanced (International Mobile Telephony-Advanced). Background: Theoretically, the 5G network will be able to facilitate 800 gigabits per second (Gb/s), although in practice, 1 Gb/s (= 0.125 gigabytes per second) is assumed (according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, average consumption in the Netherlands is well over 1 gigabyte per month). The 3.5 gigahertz (GHz) frequency band is required for the 5G network in the Netherlands. However, this is the frequency used in the north of the Netherlands for espionage by the listening station in Burum, Friesland. The Dutch intelligence services' eavesdropping facility may therefore relocate abroad. The higher the frequency, the greater the capacity or the faster the connection, but the shorter the antenna's range. This will therefore result in more small transmitters ('small cells') in the streetscape, such as in bus shelters and on lampposts. Mast heights at tree level are a limiting factor for the operation of the 5G network in terms of range and reliability: trees must therefore be 3 meters lower than the height of the base station. 5G operates with lower latency (this is the time or delay duration in communication between devices) than previous network generations. With 5G, data is transmitted in 1 millisecond, whereas this takes 50 milliseconds on the 4G network. This is considered a crucial improvement and is, of course, a major advantage when it comes to speed. 5G has many advantages over 4G, especially in machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. Antenna locations: due to high coverage, 5G requires more antennas than its predecessor, 4G. In the Antenna Covenant, Dutch municipalities have agreed with the central government and mobile operators that antennas for mobile network coverage may be installed without a permit. The 2012 covenant expires at the end of 2019, and a new version was expected to be released in the same year. However, at the end of 2019, the validity of the covenant was extended by one year until the end of 2020. On January 1, 2021, a new antenna covenant entered into force with a term running until December 31, 2025. According to the European Telecom Code, municipalities are legally obliged to cooperate with requests for the placement of 5G antennas. An agency will conduct research into the consequences of granting 'reasonable requests', such as the financial implications for a municipality. Energy: 5G consumes more energy than its predecessor, 4G. The higher the frequency of the signals, the more energy is required to deliver sufficient power at a certain distance. The proximity of transmitters required for the 5G network means that more transmitters are being installed than were needed for 4G. Although the power consumption of these smaller transmitters for 5G will be lower, total energy consumption will increase. With a consumption of approximately 60%, transmission stations are the largest energy consumers within the telecommunications network. To limit energy consumption, work is underway on a new antenna technology with directional signal transmission. Scope of application: Not all innovations regarding 5G are inextricably linked to it: innovations in the field of the Internet of Things, such as interconnectivity and smart software, are already active with 4G as well. With asset tracking, it is possible for construction companies, for example, to locate their equipment fitted with RFID chips within the company. With the advent of 5G, one million devices per square kilometer can be connected to the internet. That is ten times more than 4G. The following areas of application for 5G are mentioned: the Internet of Things (IoT), the smart city (smart city functions) with smart street lighting, traffic lights, and surveillance cameras, self-driving cars and autonomous agricultural vehicles (car-to-car communication) for precision agriculture, drone taxis, further robotization such as robots for telepresence for working in dangerous locations, remote computing (remote access to, for example, a desktop device), remote surgery by a surgeon, and a tactile internet (remotely controlling virtual machines) for augmented reality and virtual reality software. The consequences could include higher productivity for industry and a 'cashless society' for society. Screens will be able to handle higher image resolutions. Source: Wikipedia

The LoRaWAN network consists of four primary elements: The individual components that make up the network, such as monitoring equipment, tracking equipment, and sensors, are called end nodes. Gateways serve as the connection between the end nodes and other parts of the network. They collect data from the end nodes and transmit it to the network server. Communication between the end nodes and gateways takes place via LoRaWAN, but gateways use higher bandwidth protocols, such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, or mobile, to communicate with the network server. The goal of the network server is to unify the data received from the various gateways before it is uploaded to the application server. The application server is the location where all collected data is ultimately processed and presented. Data transfer from the end nodes to the gateways is performed via LoRa transmitters operating on an unlicensed frequency band for industrial, scientific, and medical purposes (ISM). To receive this data, gateways are equipped with LoRa concentrators. The arrangement of end nodes and gateways is known as a star-to-star network. When an end node in this type of network transmits its data, all gateways within range receive and collect the information. Subsequently, the gateways transmit this data to the network server, which is responsible for removing duplicate data. The model in question allows for bidirectional communication, from the application server to the end nodes, and vice versa. This also includes the ability to distribute messages via multicast to one or more devices. This feature enables the execution of software upgrades and the remote provision of instructions to the devices.

NB-IoT is a cellular LPWAN technology that is affordable and can offer a longer battery life of up to ten years. This technology enables long-distance communication and has superior penetration compared to 2G, allowing your device to remain connected even in remote and hard-to-reach locations, such as rural areas, underground, and indoors. The potential for massive IoT deployments is made possible by the ability of mobile locations offering NB-IoT connectivity to manage as many as 10,000 connections. However, it is important to note that these connections are not supported by crossovers between cell towers. Data transmission speeds are significantly low, often ranging from tens of kilobytes per second. Furthermore, the time it takes for a message to reach its destination can be as long as 20 seconds, making UDP a more desirable option compared to TCP. The characteristics associated with this technology are largely due to the narrow bandwidth, which is less than 200 kHz. This allows the carrier to operate within the surveillance bands of other LTE services, thereby freeing up previously unused parts of the spectrum. Extended Discontinuous Reception (eDRX) enables long intervals between data reception, resulting in low power consumption. Furthermore, the radio can be completely switched off in Power Saving Mode (PSM) without the need to reconnect to the network upon activation. However, please note that data cannot be received in PSM. The most ideal use of NB-IoT is for immobile devices that transmit a minuscule amount of data (up to 5 MB per month), can withstand longer latency periods, and are located in areas where signal-dependent technology would experience difficulties receiving a signal.

The LTE M network is specifically designed for Internet of Things applications and relies on providers' reliable and secure 4G networks. Compared to a 2G network, LTE M coverage is more extensive, and it has the additional advantage of being able to penetrate deeper into buildings. It is an energy-efficient method for transmitting data quickly and can be used for a variety of applications that currently operate on 2G networks.

A SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) is a compact chip encased in protective plastic, usually in the form of a card. The chip contains authentication information that allows the device to connect to mobile networks. SIM cards also perform additional functions for IoT devices, such as facilitating remote device management and configuration, monitoring, and project management.

Mini SIM card (2FF) (25 mm x 15 mm).

Micro-simkaart (3FF) (15 mm x 12 mm).

Nano-simkaart (4FF) (12,3 mm x 8,8 mm).

An eSIM (where the "e" stands for "embedded") differs from a traditional physical SIM card, which is installed in a removable plastic card. Instead, an eSIM is embedded in the device's circuitry. The meaning of eSIM has evolved over time and can have two meanings. Embedded SIM: This is a chip SIM card in which the SIM functionality is integrated into a silicon chip and mounted on an electronic printed circuit board inside the device. The most common format is MFF2 (6 mm x 5 mm). This compact format, combined with a more secure and robust method for embedding chip SIM cards in electronic devices, results in a safer and more reliable solution. However, this makes future updates more difficult. eSIM (also known as eUICC): is a reprogrammable SIM card that can be reconfigured or updated remotely. These functions are enabled via an updated SIM operating system (OS) and additional secure memory on the eSIM or eUICC. This allows multiple SIM profiles to be stored, updated, and managed wirelessly (OTA). It is important to emphasize that all mentioned SIM form factors (card size and MFF2 chip size) are available as eSIMs. Initially, the eSIM comes with a 'bootstrap' or master profile that allows the device to connect to various mobile networks during testing or initial deployment. The capability of remote eSIM configuration offers security because the bootstrap profile can be changed to a different MNO profile to take advantage of new commercial products or to resolve network performance issues with the original MNO. This may occur only once during the device's lifespan, or not at all. The eSIM also supports global deployments involving a range of regulations (such as permanent roaming restrictions) or regional cost changes. In these cases, it is possible to update the eSIM with a localized profile, convert the roaming SIM to a local non-roaming SIM, and/or enable local rate switching. The latter is beneficial for applications with large amounts of data. This type of remote SIM configuration means that it is not necessary to physically replace SIM cards, reducing hassle and reconfiguration costs. eSIMs are also designed to extend the lifespan of the device, thereby lowering maintenance costs.

The programmed Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) contains all the information a device user needs to join the network, including the subscriber's International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and network-specific information. In the traditional format, the SIM card is stored on a chip integrated into the removable card. As it is becoming increasingly popular for IoT projects, there is also the option to use an embedded SIM card (eSIM). The SIM thus takes the form of a vacuum-sealed chip soldered onto a printed circuit board inside the device. In the traditional format, the SIM card is stored on a chip integrated into the removable card. iSIM goes a step further than eSIM in terms of integration. iSIM is made possible by system-on-a-chip (SoC) technology, which allows all computer components of a device to be embedded in a small piece of silicon. Instead of being mounted on a dedicated chip (eSIM), the very small processor containing the SIM functionality is integrated directly into the computer or connectivity hardware of the device. In other words, an iSIM can be embedded in a microcontroller unit (MCU) or mobile module (modem). In both cases, the iSIM requires a dedicated processor for security operations (such as a "security enclave") to maintain the integrity of cryptographic operations.

Multi-SIM devices are designed for two or more physical SIM cards. These devices are often used in IoT applications, particularly in fleet trackers and industrial equipment. Generally, one SIM card is used to connect the device to your primary mobile network, while the other is intended to connect to your backup provider. The purpose of this configuration is to ensure continuous connectivity in the event of a signal failure at your primary provider. It is becoming increasingly common for mobile devices to be able to connect to multiple networks with just one SIM card. While a single-network SIM card is obtained exclusively from one operator, a multi-network SIM card has a similar origin. However, the profile of a multi-network SIM card is organized to support access to numerous networks within a single country. Typically, this means that in primary markets, a user has a choice between two, three, and sometimes four or five networks within the same area. Having multiple profiles on a single SIM card is a convenient feature that allows users to have multiple phone numbers and accounts on one device. This feature is useful for individuals who want separate numbers for work and personal use, or for those who frequently travel abroad and wish to use local phone numbers without having to swap their SIM card. With this feature, users can easily switch between profiles and access various phone numbers and accounts on a single device. The data a device requires to connect to a mobile network operator is consolidated into a SIM profile. This includes the file system, operator access keys, and the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). Typically, a standard SIM card is equipped with sufficient memory to store only one profile. In simpler terms, each SIM card offers a unique connectivity option. Most devices can only accommodate a single SIM card, which is a minority in the market. Due to the focus on cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, and compactness in IoT deployment, limiting the number and size of components is crucial. As a result, companies requiring a multi-SIM solution can opt for a single SIM card capable of supporting multiple profiles, rather than integrating multiple physical cards into a device. Although a multi-network SIM card is a suitable solution in some cases, a single SIM card with multiple profiles is often the best choice. One method to achieve this is by using a SIM card equipped with eUICC (Embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card) technology. Thanks to this innovation, a single SIM card can contain multiple profiles simultaneously. Additionally, it is possible to add, remove, and manage these profiles remotely.

Although the terms are often used interchangeably, an eSIM is hardware and eUICC is software. An eSIM is part of the SIM and can be soldered onto a device. eUICC enables remote provisioning for multiple network profiles.

The concept of M2M encompasses the interaction between tangible machines. In almost all M2M situations, these machines are equipped with sensors, or devices that can collect specific types of data from their environment. Once the information has been collected, these machines can respond to it in a specific way and transmit the situation to other devices. An example of this is predictive maintenance, where sensors on industrial machines are used to detect and report potential defects. Depending on the capabilities of the device or the cloud-based software application, further steps may be required, such as arranging maintenance or purchasing replacement parts. Asset tracking is a widely used application of M2M technology. By using both GPS and environmental sensors, you have the ability to monitor not only the exact location but also the physical condition of goods during transport. M2M technology offers significant benefits for companies, particularly in measuring and increasing productivity, reducing inefficiencies, and detecting potential hazards and problems at an early stage.

The term eSIM is frequently used, although it is technically more accurate to refer to it as an Embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card (eUICC). This refers to a specific type of software for SIM cards that allows a physical SIM card, in card form or as an embedded chip, to contain multiple profiles. Furthermore, eUICC enables the management of these profiles via Remote SIM Provisioning (RSP), allowing profiles to be added, removed, and managed. Upon initial activation, a device equipped with an eUICC SIM card must establish communication with the network server managing the subscription on that device. This initial and essential connection is established using a bootstrap profile, which provides the necessary credentials. To clarify: the bootstrap profile is integrated into the eSIM during the SIM production phase. When the eSIM is activated and used in an IoT device, it enables access to the service provider's mobile network and access to roaming networks, as described in the profile. If necessary, the bootstrap can function as a persistent operational profile. If necessary, however, it can also be easily replaced. Most new operational profiles are obtained to switch carriers or adjust rates to align with local, national, or regional options. This is done to reduce costs or to address potential future performance or quality issues. The process of downloading or modifying profiles is carried out under the guidance of an RSP system that monitors the execution of profile update 'campaigns'. These campaigns can be set up using APIs or automated via a rules engine.

The ICCID, which stands for International Circuit Card Identifier, serves as a separate identification code for a Subscriber Identity Module or SIM card. This code consists of 18 to 22 digits and is commonly referred to as the SIM number. The ICCID can be found in the SIM card's processor. In most cases, the ICCID is also printed on the back of physical SIM cards; however, sometimes only the last 13 digits are visible. The ICCID plays a crucial role in subscriber authentication and device activation for mobile network providers. Furthermore, it assists in the management of IoT projects. By assigning different identification codes to individual SIM cards, it becomes easier to distinguish between different devices on a SIM card management platform. Additionally, it enables device status checks and serves as a reference point for network providers regarding inquiries about a specific device.

The Internet of Things Secure Authentication Framework (IoT SAFE) uses the SIM card, or alternatively, an embedded SIM card, as a form of cryptographic security or 'Root of Trust'. This secure storage is used to manage and store security keys. In terms of security, your SIM card and bank card are indistinguishable from each other, as they are manufactured in the same factories. The SIM card is equipped with a specialized software program called the IoT SAFE applet, which handles a new secure communication interface.

An IMEI number is the unique product number of your device. This serial number consists of 15 digits. Dial *#06# to easily find your IMEI number. Is the device not working or is your screen defective? Then check the original packaging of the smartphone.

To distinguish between different devices on both local networks and the internet, an identification system is necessary. With this system, a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address is assigned to each connected hardware component, which serves as a unique and specific identifier. Most mobile devices use dynamic IP addresses. In this process, the ISP (Internet Service Provider) or the corporate network assigns the device the next available IP address via the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) whenever it attempts to connect. Consequently, the device's IP address varies by session. Unlike a dynamic IP address, a fixed or 'static' IP address remains constant and does not fluctuate. A fixed IP SIM card is equipped with its own exclusive IP address. When a device with a fixed IP SIM card connects to a network, it will always use the same address.

When using this SIM card model, the address location is in the public domain, making it accessible via the internet. This specific type of SIM card serves as a practical solution when it is necessary to enable access to connected devices from multiple terminals or devices. For example, this would be an ideal choice for CCTV systems, especially if users need to be able to view live camera footage in real time from any connected endpoint.

A public IP address is an external IP address assigned by an ISP (Internet Service Provider). In most cases, this is an IPv4 IP address. This is an IP address consisting of 4 bytes, resulting in 4,294,967,296 unique IP addresses. This is an enormous number of IP addresses, but not enough to provide IP addresses for all devices in the world. To solve this problem, IPv6 was introduced. This technology creates an IP address consisting of 16 bytes.

The successor to IPv4. This new type is called IP version 6 (IPv6). Devices on the internet and websites use IP addresses to identify each other and 'talk' to each other digitally. They do this by sending digital packets to one another. It is similar to someone's postal address where you can send packets to each other. In the Netherlands, the address to which packets are sent consists of a postal code and a house number. The IP address looks different. Until now, we have been using IP version 4, and the IPv4 address looks like this: 172.16.254.1. In the new version of the IP address, IPv6, more number combinations are possible than in the older version, IPv4. Therefore, IPv6 is the addressing system of the future. IPv6 looks like this: 2234:0000:0000:6904:0019:d2ff:feb3:5e4f. This allows us to connect more devices to the internet.

The IP address is only visible within your own corporate network, making this option more secure if you plan to have devices communicate with each other or with other company systems via a private internal network. If you wish to access connected devices remotely via the public internet, it is advisable to supplement the use of a fixed private IP address with a secure VPN (virtual private network).

Below you see an illustration of an Access Point Name (APN). “data641003” At first glance, an untrained observer might dismiss this as a series of random characters. However, an Access Point Name (APN) is intricately designed to provide a mobile network operator (MNO) with all the relevant data needed to make informed decisions. Determining the correct IP address for a device can be a complex decision. There are various factors that must be taken into account, including the network configuration, the number of devices on the network, and the likelihood of conflicts with other IP addresses. Therefore, it is important to carefully consider and evaluate all relevant information before choosing an IP address for the device in question. Determining the correct network to which the device should be connected is a crucial consideration. When it comes to ensuring safety and security, it is absolutely necessary to take appropriate measures. The methods used must be comprehensive and tailored to the specific needs of the situation.

(American Standard Code for Information Interchange): a standard for the simple encoding of text documents on computers. Files saved in HTML, Microsoft Word, PDF, or Rich Text Format are not ASCII files; most database packages and word processors can save ASCII files if the "plain text" option is selected. French: ASCII.

Contraction of the term binary digiT. The smallest unit of information that a computer can process and that represents one of two states (usually denoted by "1" or "0").

Bits per second - A unit of measurement for data transfer speed and thus for bandwidth (lowercase is important).

Bytes (8-bits) bytes per second. A unit of measurement for data transfer speed and therefore for bandwidth (uppercase is important).

An interconnection device that can connect LANs using similar or dissimilar media and signaling systems such as Ethernet, Token Ring, and X.25. A bridge is also called a data link relay or level 2 relay. Connects remote locations via dedicated or switched lines to create WANs. Also the device that allows multiple locations (more than 2) to videoconference simultaneously.

A method for transmitting larger amounts of data, voice, and video than telephony networks allow. In ISDN, broadband channels support speeds above the primary E1 (2.048 Mbps) and T1 (1.544 Mbps) speeds.

A group of bits used as a unit in some encryption systems to represent a character. Usually, eight bits equal a byte.

The connectivity standard known as Long Term Evolution (LTE) is considered a fourth-generation (4G) standard. Over time, various variants of a low-power, wide area network (LPWAN) have emerged from this standard. These variations were created to support the various IoT projects existing in the industrial, commercial, and consumer sectors. The LTE Category 1 standard was first presented in 2008, and it was the very first LTE variant exclusively dedicated to the Internet of Things (IoT). Subsequently, in 2016, CAT-1 BIS was introduced as a single-antenna version. CAT-1 has several key features worth mentioning: Data rates refer to the speed at which digital data is transmitted over a communication channel. It is the measure of the amount of data that can be transmitted in a given time. The higher the data rate, the more information can be transmitted in the same time period. CAT-1 can deliver top speeds of 10 megabytes per second for downlink and 5 Mb/s for uplink, making it a suitable choice for a wide range of M2M and IoT applications that require a broad range of functions, including video streaming. Additionally, CAT-1 offers support for the Voice over LTE (VoLTE) service, making it an efficient option for applications requiring voice assistance, such as remote access control and assisted living. Below is a list of possible use cases for CAT-1.

Data application: an application or service situated on top of a connectivity layer and relying on a digital interface to facilitate user interaction as part of a specific function or set of functions. Data applications are available on various platforms, including mobile phones; examples of mobile data applications are SMS and WAP.

Data hosting and storage: a service whereby a customer enters into a contract for the storage of data on a third-party computer or other device connected to a network, such that the hosted and/or stored data is publicly or privately accessible via a local or wide-area network. Data hosting costs often include costs for network connectivity and/or network traffic, especially in the case of the internet; web hosting is an example of data hosting.

Data link layer: layer two in the OSI reference model. The data link layer provides the functional and procedural means to move data into and out of a physical network segment, thereby converting a raw transmission facility into a telecommunications network. ATM, frame relay, and X.25 are examples of data link layer protocols.

DNS: Domeinnaamsysteem. Een gedistribueerde toepassing voor het registreren van alfanumerieke domeinnamen, zoals het toewijzen van een corresponderend en afzonderlijk geregistreerd IP-adres aan elke domeinnaam, zoals "192.100.61.7"; en het regelmatig raadplegen van een bijgewerkte database om domeinnamen aan IP-adressen te koppelen. Zowel de DNS-implementatie als de inhoud van de database die de internetstandaard definiëren, staan onder toezicht.

To keep battery usage low, devices connected to a network must regularly monitor and check for notifications. To achieve this, it is recommended that devices remain in idle mode for as long as possible, waking up only periodically to verify the presence of unprocessed data and communicate with the network. One of the energy-saving features offered by LTE networks is Discontinuous Reception (DRX). By implementing DRX, devices have the ability to pause their data reception at intervals and enter a short sleep mode that typically lasts one to two seconds. While DRX is a very effective method for smartphones, it may not be as necessary for IoT devices that do not require the same level of accessibility or data transmission frequency as a phone. To address this issue, eDRX was developed as a modification of the DRX principle. Essentially, eDRX allows an IoT device to remain in sleep mode for extended periods with minimal power consumption. When using DRX, the duration of a device's sleep mode is determined by the network provider. Conversely, eDRX offers more control over the length of sleep mode, also known as the eDRX cycle, as it can be configured by the device owner or the application developer. Although network providers have the final say on which timers are allowed, this feature offers developers significant flexibility in striking a balance between device responsiveness and power conservation to meet specific usage scenarios. During an eDRX cycle, a device cannot receive incoming data. Data is only received once the device is woken up. Upon power-on, the device can listen for unprocessed data without establishing a full network connection, which helps conserve energy.

An Enterprise Network Operator combines the best features of an MNO and an MVNO to place network ownership in the hands of the enterprise and provide fully customized IoT connectivity. While MVNOs offer flexible, IoT-specific connectivity without the network control that IoT enterprises require, and MNOs offer reliability and visibility at the cost of being tied to unfavorable contracts and consumer-oriented connectivity, ENOs manage their own network and IMSIs designed from the ground up for fast, high-volume IoT communication.

A LAN physical and data link protocol that runs over the lowest two layers of the OSI Reference Model at speeds up to 10 or 100 Mbps.

An Enterprise Network Operator (ENO) is a new class of connectivity service providers in the IoT market. In short, an ENO is an enabler of the infrastructure and related services that companies need to own and manage their IoT networks. It offers enterprises that lack the in-house capabilities to build and manage their own network the means to do so as a managed service (Network as a Service - NaaS). Through this advanced NaaS model, ENOs are able to offer unique solutions tailored to individual business needs, either by providing a fully private mobile network or supplementing the enterprise's existing network with specific elements such as management and billing platforms, global IMSIs, or a pLTE core.

A device that forms a barrier between two separate networks. A firewall can be implemented in a single router that filters out unwanted packets, or it can utilize various technologies in a combination of routers and hosts. Nowadays, many firewalls combine filtering functionality with Network Address Translation (NAT) features.

A network element that performs conversions between different encoding and transmission formats. The gateway does this by utilizing many types of commonly used transmission equipment and/or circuits from various carriers to provide a means of interconnection.

Met de functie Gateway Redundantie kan de Gatekeeper verzoeken dat andere Gatekeepers hun zones doorzoeken om een verzoek te lokaliseren als Line Hunting er niet in slaagt een geschikte serviceprovider te vinden. Als er geen service wordt gevonden, stelt het beleid van Gateway Redundantie de Gatekeeper in staat om de oproep te voltooien door de oproep door te verwijzen naar andere Gatekeepers.

H.323 versie 2 stelt een gateway in staat om prefixen te specificeren die de gebruiker voor het WAN-nummer moet kiezen om een gesprek via een bepaald medium tot stand te brengen. GCF:GATEKEEPER CONFIRM-bericht -Een RAS-bericht dat de Gatekeeper naar het aanvragende eindpunt stuurt om de GRQ te accepteren.

GATEKEEPER REJECT message - A RAS message that the Gatekeeper sends to the requesting endpoint, rejecting the GRQ. Group Hunting enables a Gatekeeper to perform load balancing for a group of H.323 endpoints defined with the same alias.

GATEKEEPER REQUEST message - A RAS message that an endpoint sends to find a Gatekeeper with which the endpoint can register.

Third Generation Partnership Project - An entity consisting of various organizational partners working on the technical specifications for a third-generation mobile system, based on GSM core networks and the radio technology they support. ACF ADMISSIONS CONFIRM message - A RAS message that the Gatekeeper sends to the calling point to accept the ARQ.

Every operator of 2G and 3G networks is responsible for maintaining its own Home Location Register, a database containing specific information about each customer or subscriber. On 4G networks, however, this function is managed by a central database known as the Home Subscriber Service (HSS). In the case of 5G networks, the role of the Home Location Register is fulfilled by a Unified Database Server.

Internet access: the provision of Internet protocol (IP) connectivity to an end user such that: the end user can send and receive HTTP traffic and at least one other type of application traffic to and from hosts providing these services and accessible via the domain name system managed by ICANN; and the end user is assigned a unique address for the duration of the connection, even if that address can only be routed by the end user's access provider. Access to a closed network intended for a specific IP application, such as voice-over-IP, is therefore not Internet access, nor is access to a private network that significantly restricts accessibility to and from other ICANN-registered domain name participants. As a connectivity protocol, Internet access must be provided via physical network capacity and a data link connection; facilities or services of this type, such as DSL provisioning charges or mobile airtime charges, are distinguished as separate items from Internet access.

IPsec is not a standalone technology, but rather a group of protocols and procedures designed to provide secure communication over networks. The fundamental components of the IPsec suite are listed below: The Authentication Header (AH) is a security protocol used in computer networks that provides authentication and integrity for IP (Internet Protocol) datagrams. This is achieved by adding a header to the original IP packet. The header contains details that guarantee the authenticity of the sender and the integrity of the packet. This protocol is crucial in preventing manipulation and unauthorized access to data transmission over the network. When data is transmitted over a network, it is divided into smaller pieces called segments or packets. Each packet contains a header with details about what the receiving device can expect from the data stream. The Authentication Header (AH) serves as an unbreakable seal that guarantees the security of the packet. This allows the receiving device to verify the source of the packet and ensure that it has not been tampered with or altered during transmission. The Encapsulation Security Protocol, or ESP for short, is a type of protocol that serves to provide security features for data transmitted over a network. The goal of this specific protocol is to incorporate encryption into the data being transferred, thereby providing an extra layer of authentication that restricts access to only authorized devices. The Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol, also known as ISAKMP, is a crucial component of network security. Its primary function is to establish and manage security links between devices on a network, which are necessary for secure data transmission and communication. It provides a framework for secure key exchange, authentication, and encryption, making it an essential tool for ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data in network environments. Communication between devices using ESP requires the use of a shared key to guarantee the encryption and decryption of the exchanged data. This is made possible by the definition of connection attributes via ISAKMP. These attributes include the determination of the cryptographic algorithm used and the encryption key.

The unique address of a computer connected to a TCP/IP network. IP addresses are 32 bits long. Each octet is displayed decimally and is separated by dots.

A means for the simultaneous transmission of data from a server to a group of selected users on a TCP/IP network (internal, intranet, or internet). IP multicast is used for streaming audio and video over the network.

A network that uses the TCP/IP protocol.

A collection of technologies that enables the collaboration of voice, data, and video over existing IP-based LANs, WANs, and the Internet. IP technology uses open IETF and ITU standards to move multimedia traffic over any network that uses IP.

Kilobits per second. A unit of measurement for data of 1,000 bits per second.

Local Area Network. A private transmission network that connects offices within a building or a group of buildings to transport voice, data, and video traffic.

The practical collection of tools, from protocols at the operating system layer to support services, that turn a remote access device into an effective connection between LANs and WANs.

A measure of accumulated waiting time or delay, which represents the time required to send information through a network.

When you use a Virtual Private Network (VPN), your device's data is protected from transmission over the unsecured public internet. To achieve this, it is necessary to encapsulate (i.e., pack and bundle) your data before sending it. A tunnel protocol is a set of procedures that determine how data is encapsulated, as well as the mechanism by which data packets are delivered to the intended destination. L2TP, a protocol used for tunneling, is a product from the year 2000. This protocol is a fusion of two earlier tunneling protocols, namely Microsoft's PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) and Cisco's Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol. For what purpose is L2TP, or Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, used? When it comes to VPN connectivity, it is important to note that the L2TP protocol relates exclusively to tunneling. As a result, it cannot be relied upon for encryption, which is another crucial aspect of VPN connectivity. For this reason, L2TP is typically not used on its own. Instead, it is often combined with another VPN protocol, such as IPsec.

Megabits per seconde. Een meeteenheid voor gegevens van 1.000.000 bits per seconde.

Een mobiele netwerkoperator, afgekort als MNO en soms ook bekend als carrier service provider, mobiele telefoonoperator of mobiele netwerkcarrier, is een organisatie die telecommunicatiediensten levert en die draadloze spraak- en datacommunicatie aanbiedt aan de mobiele gebruikers die er een abonnement op hebben.

An MVNO, which stands for Mobile Virtual Network Operator, is a virtual provider that operates without its own mobile network. Instead, it sells telephony products under its own brand name while using the network of another network operator. In the Netherlands, there are three providers with their own network: Odido (T-Mobile Netherlands Tele2), Vodafone, and KPN. If you have a different provider, you are likely using an MVNO. There are several Dutch mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs), including Simyo, Budget Mobiel, Youfone, and Simpel. These providers do not possess their own network but use the networks of Vodafone, KPN, or Odido. MVNOs generally offer cheaper rates than network providers due to their lower overhead costs; for instance, the majority of virtual providers do not have physical stores, and all transactions are conducted via digital means.

If you wish to make calls via your mobile device, it is crucial that you have a reliable method to connect with the intended recipient, and that they have a means to recognize your identity. Similarly, this principle applies to the interaction between devices on an Internet of Things (IoT) network, where one device must be able to effectively communicate with another. The importance of an MSISDN cannot be overemphasized. It serves as the exclusive identification for a network subscriber. The length of an MSISDN can vary from country to country, depending on the numbering system implemented by local regulatory authorities. Typically, this number is between 14 and 15 digits long, with 15 being the upper limit. The MSISDN consists of three distinct components: The short form "CC" stands for Country Code. The National Zoning Code, commonly referred to as the NDC, is a set of regulations governing land use and development in the United States. For every subscriber, there is an individual subscriber number (SN) that is different for him or her.

The process of combining a number of individual channels into a common frequency band or a common bitstream for transmission. The reverse device or process for separating a multiplexed stream into individual channels is called a demultiplexer.

Network Address Translation - NAT devices translate IP addresses so that users on a private network can see the public network, but users on the public network cannot see the users on the private network.

A group of stations (computers, telephones, or other devices) connected by communication facilities for the exchange of information. The connection can be permanent, via cable, or temporary, via telephone or other communication links. The transmission medium can be physical (fiber optic cable) or wireless (satellite).

Network Prioritization: this connectivity service offers access to multiple mobile networks in most countries worldwide. By default, all supported networks are available, and the device's internal logic determines which network is selected. However, there may be times when you, as a customer, wish to optimize costs without blocking access to more expensive networks if the preferred network is unavailable—or when one network in a country offers by far the best coverage, and you wish to prioritize this network to minimize network changes in your fleet tracking service. In collaboration with you as a customer, Simhuis can assist in creating a plan for network prioritization... And if changes are required after the service has been rolled out, the configuration can also be updated Over-the-Air.

Network slice is a feature that allows multiple independent networks to exist on the same physical network, using different "slices" of the same frequency band. This enables organizations to apply different application requirements for security, reliability, and performance to the same network. Network slice uses Software Defined Networks (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and automation to rapidly segment a network and its resources to support specific applications, devices, domains, and groups. Network slice is a cost-effective way for enterprises to meet Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and ensure that every application continues to receive the resources it needs. Why is Network Slice important? In the mobile world, network slice gives companies more granular control over traffic resources. Each traffic segment can have its own resource requirements, Quality of Service (QoS), security configuration, and latency requirements. For example, a network segment that supports high-definition streaming video has different characteristics than a segment used to monitor Internet of Things (IoT) lighting systems. In an unsliced network, devices have access to more resources than they actually need. For example, an employee's phone does not need 100 Mbps to send a simple message via an app. Network slice saves resources by gaining insight into the context and use cases of each application and by allocating the right amount of resources. New core network technologies such as NFV make it easier to implement network slice on LTE/5G networks. Enterprises, mobile network operators, and managed service providers can all benefit from the use of network slice.

Network Specific Facility - With the Network Specific Facility Information Element (NSF IE) feature, system administrators can align their network and service requirements with service providers.

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) establishes a secure connection between two nodes within a network, such as a server and an IoT device. Its function consists of generating a 'tunnel' for confidential communication, allowing users to send and receive data over the public internet in the same way as on a private network. A fundamental requirement of VPNs is setting up a protocol that governs how data is transmitted and secured during transfer between devices. Among the various available VPN protocols, OpenVPN stands out as one of the most widely used. These are its key features: When constructing a tunnel, there are specific steps that must be taken. These steps include ensuring proper ventilation, creating a stable structure, and implementing a reliable transport system. It is crucial to have a comprehensive plan before starting the construction process to guarantee security and effectiveness. With OpenVPN, it is possible to create a communication tunnel using two protocols: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). TCP is reinforced with protocols that are effective in guaranteeing the successful delivery of data and minimizing errors. As such, it is ideal for IoT devices that transmit sensitive data, such as medical information and industrial monitoring. The UDP protocol is designed with speed in mind and is considered a simpler protocol than others. It is particularly useful for devices that need to transmit data in real time, such as video surveillance. Furthermore, it is advantageous for devices that regularly transfer small amounts of data and for which strict timing is not required. Due to lower processing and memory requirements, UDP is preferred for smaller and cheaper IoT devices that use sensors. Encryption The data stream is secured by OpenVPN through the use of SSL/TLS protocols, also known as Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security. This is the same type of technology used to keep websites secure. By using these protocols, devices can securely generate and exchange encryption keys, ensuring that only authorized users or devices can access the network. This also guarantees that the data remains unchanged during transmission.

Firmware is the name given to the software located on a device that enables it to perform the specific functions for which it was designed. It is the firmware that instructs the device on how to operate. As time passes, it may be necessary to upgrade the device or add new features, which require adjustments to the firmware. It is also recommended to periodically optimize the firmware code to resolve bugs and improve security. With OTA (Over the Air) updates, these firmware changes can be implemented remotely via the mobile network without the need to recall the devices. SIM management encompasses the management and monitoring of subscriber identity modules, which are small chips that store and transmit data for mobile devices. This includes tasks such as ensuring the security and authenticity of SIM cards, managing the distribution and activation of new SIM cards, and monitoring usage and billing data for SIM cards. Effective SIM management is crucial for maintaining reliable and secure mobile communication networks. The SIM card, also known as the Subscriber Identity Module, contains the necessary authentication data that a device requires to connect to a mobile network. Similarly, the network uses this information to verify the legitimacy of the device in question. Fundamental OTA (over-the-air) capabilities enable the remote delivery of SIM profiles, which includes both the activation and management of these profiles. Furthermore, OTA technologies have advanced to the point where they can facilitate the loading and management of multiple profiles on a single SIM card, thereby simplifying the network transition process.

By default, a SIM may not roam on the same network for longer than 90 days. If it exceeds 90 days, a visited network operator may block the SIM, unless there is an agreement allowing permanent roaming. Simhuis always offers its customers the option of permanent roaming. This is permitted in most countries worldwide.

When you start your phone, you will be asked for your PIN code. This consists of four digits. The PIN code protects the data on your SIM card and smartphone. If you have a new SIM card, the code is usually four zeros. Some providers have different codes. You can find these on the card that came with your SIM card. In both cases, it is advisable to change the code. This is for security reasons. Blocked Have you forgotten your SIM card PIN code? You can then try to unlock your phone three times. Then your phone is blocked. But don't worry, you can still unlock your device using a PUK code.

A prefix is part of the dialing sequence used to access a service or conference type. See also Gateway supported prefixes and conferencing service.

LPWA networks are equipped with a feature known as Power Saving Mode (PSM), which allows devices to remain in a sleep state longer than eDRX. The duration of a device's Power Saving Mode (PSM) is the result of negotiations between the software on the device and the network provider. The network allows a temporary sleep time of at least 4 hours, while the maximum duration is 413 days. Once a device enters PSM mode, it remains registered with the network but no longer receives data. All data packets sent to the device during this period are stored by the network and delivered upon waking. After waking from PSM, the device is active for only a specific period, and the length of this active period is also agreed upon through negotiations with the network.

A collection of rules and procedures for establishing and controlling transmission on a line. The message set has specific formats for exchanging communications and ensuring end-to-end integrity of links, circuits, messages, sessions, and application processes.

With Prio Slice, critical processes have priority access to the network. Reliable connectivity and data traffic are of vital importance in the digital age, both for business continuity and for people's safety. Business processes must be reliably connected to one another regardless. Therefore, a connection with high reliability is necessary. The reliable mobile network is provided with the functionality of Simhuis Prio Slice. Using the Network Slice, we divide the network into sections (slices). This allows different users to count on the bandwidths they require at the same time. Because the network slices offer increasing capacity, your data needs always have sufficient bandwidth. This is because these slices guarantee that data traffic from a critical source remains fast and reliable. Any company requiring reliable connections can use Simhuis Prio Slice. Simhuis Prio Slice is intended for process-critical processes or companies such as the military, hospitals, and other institutions. It is important for healthcare personnel and field workers to communicate remotely with their colleagues. Ensuring the safety of mobile security cameras, pedestrians, or citizens working in the field is achieved by working with the mobile security system.

An application that disconnects the sender and receiver. All input is forwarded to another port, thereby closing a direct path between two networks and preventing a cracker from obtaining internal addresses and details of a private network.

A network managed by the carriers (IXC and LEC) that includes network-based services and network-based switching.

The PUC code is actually the PUK code, which stands for Personal Unlock Key or PIN Unlock Key. If you enter your PIN incorrectly 3 times, you will need to enter a specific code. The SIM card is then locked and can only be unlocked with a special PUK code.

The processing of information that produces a result so quickly that the interaction is seemingly instantaneous. Video conferencing is an example of a real-time application.

Een apparaat of opstelling die de beste route vindt tussen twee netwerken, zelfs als er meerdere netwerken moeten worden doorkruist. Net als bruggen kunnen externe sites met routers worden verbonden via speciale of geschakelde lijnen om WAN's te creëren.

A channel that transmits digital data serially, one bit after another over a wire or fiber. The serial port on a PC is a serial interface used to connect modems and scanners. Serial interfaces can have multiple lines, but only one is used for data.

The prefix identifies the service and can usually be a numeric code, an alphanumeric string, a name, or a phone number.

Een dienst is een functie die wordt ondersteund door een subset van eindpunten in een zone. Toegang tot een service wordt verkregen door een prefix te kiezen die aan de naam of het telefoonnummer is gekoppeld. Met diensten kunt u dynamisch meer bronnen, zoals een gateway, aan het systeem toevoegen. In RADVISION-implementaties kunt u toegangsrechten per eindpunt voor elke dienst definiëren.

SD-WAN is a network of local area networks (LANs) connected to each other over a significant geographical distance, ranging from a few kilometers to thousands of kilometers, or across different locations. The software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) is distinguished by its programmable configuration, allowing it to comply with the operational guidelines established by the WAN owner.

Session Initiation Protocol - An IP telephony signaling protocol developed by the IETF. SIP is a text-based protocol suitable for integrated voice data applications. SIP is designed for voice transmission, uses fewer resources, and is significantly less complex than H.323.

The side in communication that responds to session commands. The "master" is the other side that initiates and controls the session.

By establishing an encrypted connection between user devices and one or more servers, a Virtual Private Network (VPN) provides a secure means of communication without the need for a physical connection. This results in the creation of a private "tunnel" for confidential communication over the internet, which would otherwise be public. In every VPN design, data packets are encrypted before they arrive at the ISP level and subsequently decrypted on the server. Data packets traveling from the company's server to the device follow the same path, but in reverse order. To encrypt and decrypt data, a protocol consisting of a set of rules must be established. The term "SSL VPN" means that the VPN service relies on the SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol to secure communication. Currently, SSL has been replaced by a more advanced protocol called Transport Layer Security (TLS). Nevertheless, VPN models that use TLS are still commonly known as SSL VPNs.

A subnet is a part of an IP network that is defined by a subnet mask. Devices on the same subnet have the same subnet mask.

A mechanical or semiconductor device that opens and closes circuits, changes operating parameters, or selects paths for circuits based on spatial or temporal division.

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A collection of protocols developed by the Ministry of Defence to connect disparate computers to each other over many types of networks, including unreliable networks.

Generic name for telephone companies.

Time to Live. A set maximum amount of time a packet is given to propagate through the network before it is discarded. TTL is a time, usually in seconds, after which the fragment can be deleted by any device on the network.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a protocol optimized for the transmission of voice over the internet or other packet-switched networks. VoIP is often used abstractly to refer to the actual transmission of voice (rather than to the protocol that implements it). VoIP is also known as IP telephony, internet telephony, broadband telephony, broadband telephone, and Voice over Broadband. "VoIP" is pronounced as voyp.

Virtual Private Network - VPN modules create closed, secure tunnels for communication between two firewalled LANs. VPN technology is one of the approaches used today for secure communication over IP networks.

Wide Area Network. A data network that typically extends a LAN outside a building or campus via IXC or LEC lines to connect other LANs at remote locations. This is usually created by using bridges or routers to connect geographically separated LANs.

The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive is European legislation in which M2M and IoT SIM cards can offer a significant advantage. This directive aims to improve the management of electronic waste and requires manufacturers, distributors, and importers to take responsibility for the lifecycle of their products, including the collection, recycling, and processing of electronic waste. What is the WEEE Directive? The WEEE Directive (2012/19/EU) is a European regulation that imposes obligations on companies to minimize the environmental impact of electronic waste. The directive sets requirements for the collection, processing, and recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). This also applies to IoT devices, smart meters, and other M2M equipment reaching the end of their lifespan. Companies must ensure responsible recycling and waste processing, and the reduction of harmful substances. The WEEE Directive aims to reduce the flow of electronic waste and promote the recycling of valuable materials, aligning with the EU's broader objectives regarding sustainability and the circular economy. How Can an M2M or IoT SIM Card Help with WEEE Directive Compliance? M2M and IoT SIM cards can help companies comply with the WEEE Directive by facilitating efficient monitoring and management of devices throughout their lifecycle, from use to collection and recycling: 1. Lifecycle Management and Device Monitoring: IoT SIM cards can help monitor devices throughout their entire lifecycle. This gives companies insight into when equipment is approaching the end of its life, allowing them to proactively plan collection and recycling in accordance with WEEE requirements. 2. Data Management for Recycling and Processing: IoT SIM cards enable the collection of data on the location, status, and usage of devices. This helps streamline the collection process and manage devices that need to be recycled, enabling companies to meet WEEE requirements. 3. Optimization of Retrieval and Recycling Systems: By integrating IoT SIM cards, devices can automatically transmit their location and status, making the logistics for retrieving and recycling devices more efficient. This supports the obligation to effectively manage and minimize electronic waste. 4. Remote Management and Updates: When devices can be managed and updated remotely via IoT SIM cards, companies can extend the lifespan of devices, contributing to reduced waste production. Devices can be updated with new features, reducing the need for premature replacement. 5. Support for Circular Economy Initiatives: IoT SIM cards make it easier to track and manage devices within circular economic models, such as rental, reuse, and refurbishing. This aligns with the objectives of the WEEE Directive to reduce waste and encourage reuse. Who Is This Solution Relevant To? The WEEE Directive applies to companies that manufacture, distribute, or import electrical and electronic devices into the EU, including manufacturers of IoT and M2M equipment, smart devices, and other technologies that may become electronic waste at the end of their lifespan. The directive is particularly relevant to sectors such as consumer electronics, industrial equipment, energy management, and smart cities. Simhuis BV offers IoT and M2M SIM card solutions that help companies comply with the WEEE directive. With our solutions, companies can efficiently monitor and manage devices, supporting them in the responsible management of electronic waste and promoting a circular economy in accordance with European directives.

Het belangrijkste verschil ligt in de doelstellingen. In IT draait cybersecurity om de bescherming van data (vertrouwelijkheid, integriteit en beschikbaarheid), terwijl OT-cybersecurity zich voornamelijk richt op de beschikbaarheid en betrouwbaarheid van fysieke systemen, zoals productieprocessen, energievoorziening of transport.

LTE and 5G SIM cards offer fast and reliable internet connections wherever you are. For businesses, this means flexibility, mobility, and access to the internet without reliance on fixed lines. 5G SIM cards offer additional benefits, such as significantly higher speeds and lower latency, which is ideal for data-intensive applications and real-time communication.

LTE and 5G SIM cards can be used wherever coverage is available, including at mobile workplaces, construction sites, pop-up shops, and for vehicles. They are also ideal as a backup for fixed internet connections, in remote locations, or at temporary locations such as events.

5G offers much higher download speeds and significantly lower latency compared to LTE. This means that data is sent and received faster, which is particularly important for real-time applications such as videoconferencing, augmented reality (AR), and the Internet of Things (IoT). Additionally, 5G has greater network capacity, allowing more devices to be connected simultaneously without performance loss.

Both LTE and 5G networks offer robust security protocols, such as encrypted communication and authentication, making them safe for business use. Furthermore, companies can add extra layers of security, such as VPNs and firewalls, to protect sensitive data while using LTE or 5G networks.

If your current devices support LTE but not 5G, you cannot simply upgrade them to 5G without hardware changes. To benefit from 5G, you need devices that are compatible with 5G networks. Many modern devices are already 5G-ready these days, so when making the switch, you might consider purchasing 5G-compatible hardware.

The cost of LTE and 5G SIM cards depends on the provider and the chosen data plan. 5G data plans can be slightly more expensive than LTE, given the improved performance. However, the scalability and benefits of higher speeds and reliability can justify the extra cost, especially for businesses that rely on cloud applications, video conferencing, or mobile workplaces.

Yes, LTE and 5G can be used as the primary internet connection, especially in areas where fixed internet connections are slow or unreliable. For businesses that depend on continuous connectivity, it can also serve as a reliable backup solution in the event of a fixed line failure.

The availability of 5G coverage is growing rapidly, but it varies by region. In urban areas, 5G is often already widely available, while rural areas may still have to wait for full coverage. It is important to check with your provider whether 5G is available in your area.

Most modern smartphones, routers, laptops, and IoT devices are compatible with LTE SIM cards. For 5G, however, you need devices that explicitly support 5G. These can be smartphones, mobile routers, and IoT devices specifically designed for 5G networks.

Activating an LTE or 5G SIM card is usually a quick process. After receiving the SIM card, it can often be activated within a few hours to one business day, depending on the provider. For companies with multiple users, providers may offer an expedited activation process.

A backup data SIM card is a spare SIM card deployed when the primary internet connection fails. These cards are typically used for emergencies or as a failover solution to ensure that critical systems and devices remain connected to the internet if the primary connection fails.

A backup SIM card is automatically activated when the primary internet connection fails. This happens without user intervention. The backup SIM card ensures that important business processes continue to function without interruption.

Yes, a backup data SIM card can be used for both mobile and fixed internet connections. They are often deployed in combination with a 4G or 5G router to ensure internet connections when the fixed network fails.

The amount of data you can use depends on the chosen subscription and the terms and conditions you purchase from us. Many backup SIM cards have a preset limit, but data points or bundles can also be set up specifically for emergency situations.

No, a backup SIM card is usually linked to one specific device or router for failover purposes. This ensures that when the primary connection fails, that specific router or device automatically switches to the backup SIM card.

Yes, almost always! Simhuis primarily supplies roaming SIM cards, which provide you with a data connection on one of the networks in a country or region.

Backup SIM cards can be managed via the same management portal you use for other SIM cards and devices. This gives you real-time insight into data usage and the status of the backup connections, and you can activate or deactivate them remotely if necessary.

Yes, backup SIM cards usually have monthly subscription fees and may incur additional costs depending on data usage. With many providers, you only pay for the data used when the card is active, but it is important to check your provider's terms and conditions. Because Simhuis has a very large portfolio of different SIM cards from various providers, we will advise you on the right one and would therefore be happy to contact you by phone to discuss your requirements.

The status of the backup SIM card can be monitored via a SIM management portal. Through this portal, you can view data usage, connection status, and any notifications. Some systems can also send alerts when the backup SIM card becomes active.

The transition to the backup SIM card usually happens automatically and within a few seconds to a few minutes, depending on your network configuration and hardware. This ensures that downtime is kept to a minimum.

Yes, backup SIM cards are just as secure as regular SIM cards. Data sent via the backup SIM card is often encrypted, and networks are equipped with security protocols to prevent unauthorized access. You can add extra layers of security, such as VPNs or firewalls, to protect your connection.

Ja, back-up data SIM-kaarten zijn ontworpen voor gebruik in kritieke bedrijfsprocessen. Ze bieden een betrouwbare oplossing om bedrijfscontinuïteit te waarborgen wanneer de primaire verbinding faalt. Dit is vooral belangrijk in sectoren zoals gezondheidszorg, financiën en logistiek, waar internetconnectiviteit essentieel is.

Billing for backup SIM cards can vary depending on your provider and subscription type. Typically, you pay a fixed monthly fee for keeping the SIM card on standby and additional costs based on usage when the backup connection is actually used.

Yes, a special 4G or 5G router or a device with dual SIM support is often required to use backup SIM cards. These routers are designed to automatically switch from the primary internet connection to the backup SIM card in the event of failures.

Yes, via a central management platform such as Simportaal, you can manage and monitor multiple backup SIM cards. This gives you control over the usage and status of all backup connections within your organization.

It is important to regularly check whether the backup SIM card is functioning, for example by performing periodic tests. The management portal can also provide warnings when there are problems with the SIM card or the network to which it is connected.

Yes, backup SIM cards can also be used for IoT devices that rely on constant internet connectivity. They can ensure a seamless transition to an alternative connection when the primary connection fails, so that critical IoT systems continue to function.

LTE-M (also known as Cat-M1) is a mobile IoT technology that is part of the 4G LTE standard. It is specifically designed for Internet of Things (IoT) devices that require low power consumption, wide coverage, and mobility. LTE-M offers higher data speeds and full mobility support than other LPWAN technologies such as NB-IoT, making it suitable for applications that require real-time data exchange or mobility, such as vehicle tracking and wearable devices.

Prices are available starting from €5.00 per IPv4 public fixed IP address.

Our fixed IPv4 public fixed IP addresses are located on our multi-roaming SIM cards. The network providers in the Netherlands are KPN and/or Odido; for the rest of Europe, you have connectivity with two network providers.

Certainly, in some cases these fixed IP addresses cost hardly anything. Ask us about the possibilities, and we will make you a suitable offer.

A Customized APN is a custom-made access point name used by companies to manage the data traffic of their mobile devices. Unlike a standard APN, which is managed by mobile network operators, a customized APN offers companies the ability to define and control their own security, routing, and network access.

A private APN is a custom-made access point name on the mobile network that is set up exclusively for a company. It provides a secure and controlled connection between an organization's mobile devices and the internal corporate network, without traffic having to go through the public internet.

IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) is a set of protocols used to secure internet communication through authentication and encryption of IP packets. It ensures that data is transmitted securely between two networks or between a device and a network.

OpenVPN is a powerful, open-source VPN solution used to create secure and encrypted connections over the internet. It offers companies the ability to reliably secure their network traffic, regardless of the location of their employees or devices. This makes it an indispensable technology for organizations that value privacy, data protection, and flexibility. With OpenVPN, users can access the internal corporate network as if they were physically at the office, without having to worry about eavesdropping or data breaches. The software uses strong encryption protocols such as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) to ensure that sensitive business information remains protected against cyberattacks and unauthorized access. Additionally, OpenVPN is platform-independent, meaning it is compatible with a wide range of operating systems, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and mobile devices. This makes it easy to integrate into existing IT infrastructures without causing disruptions or compatibility issues. In short, OpenVPN is the ideal choice for companies seeking a cost-effective, scalable, and highly secure solution to protect their business data and enable their employees to work safely remotely.

To set up OpenVPN via the Emnify portal, follow these steps: 1. Log in to the Emnify portal: Go to your Emnify account and log in. 2. Go to the Integrations menu: In the portal, navigate to the “Integrations” menu. Here you will see the option for “Secure Connection”. 3. Download the OpenVPN configuration: Select the OpenVPN option and download the correct configuration file (.ovpn). Choose a file that corresponds to the breakout region you set in your service policy (for example, eu-west-1). 4. Adjust the Service Policy: Ensure that the service policy of the devices is set to the same VPN breakout region as the downloaded configuration file. You can adjust this under the “Service Policies” section in the device policy. 5. Install OpenVPN on your device: For Linux or macOS, you can install OpenVPN via your package manager. For example, on macOS you can install OpenVPN via Homebrew: brew install openvpn. For Windows, download the OpenVPN software from the official website. 6. Create an Authentication File: Create a file named credentials.txt where you enter your Emnify organization ID and application token (recommended) or your username and password for authentication. Ensure that this file is properly secured against unauthorized access. 7. Start the OpenVPN connection: Use the OpenVPN software to connect by running the following command: sudo openvpn --config /path/to/client.ovpn. After setting up the connection, you can use the VPN tunnel to securely access your devices via their private IP addresses. It is also possible to monitor the connection and troubleshoot problems via log files in OpenVPN. These steps are similar for various devices such as Windows, macOS, Linux, and even iOS.

The biggest advantage is the increased security of data communication. OpenVPN creates a secure tunnel between devices and the server, whereby data is encrypted and protected against external threats, such as eavesdropping or hacking.

This can be done via the Emnify portal or a similar service. You download the OpenVPN configuration files, adjust your service policy to the correct breakout region, and install the OpenVPN client on your device to connect to your SIM card. This may vary depending on the operating system you are using.

In principle, every device must have a unique configuration to prevent conflicts. This is done by using unique certificates or credentials per device, especially if the devices have different IP addresses or roles within the network.

When the connection is lost, devices are typically no longer connected via the secure VPN tunnel, which can make data transfer unsafe. However, many VPN clients offer options for automatic reconnection or can be configured to automatically restore the connection.

OpenVPN generates log files that allow you to monitor connections. In services like Emnify, you can also track the connection status of your devices, including the assigned private IP address and VPN status.

The selected region for the VPN breakout must match the region of your SIM card or the region where the devices are located. This prevents latency and enables more efficient data transfer between the SIM card and the device.

- End-to-end encryption**: Tosibox ensures that data exchanged between devices and users is encrypted using AES-256 encryption, one of the most secure encryption methods available. This ensures that sensitive data remains protected during transmission. - **Zero Trust Networking (ZTNA)**: Tosibox follows the principle of zero trust, which means that every device and user attempting to connect to the network is authenticated. This significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access. - Firewall-friendly**: It uses outbound connections, making it easier to integrate into existing firewalls and reducing the risk of external attacks.

- Global remote connectivity**: With Tosibox, users have secure access to their networks and devices anywhere in the world. This is particularly useful for industries such as manufacturing, building automation, or utilities, where remote monitoring and control are crucial. - **Uninterrupted access**: Even with a poor or unstable internet connection, Tosibox's secure VPN (virtual private network) ensures reliable remote access, minimizing downtime.

- Plug-and-Play Setup**: Tosibox offers simple implementation with minimal technical knowledge. Users can set up secure remote access within minutes using the plug-and-play approach. This is much simpler than setting up complex VPN configurations or complicated network settings. - No IT knowledge required**: Tosibox does not require in-depth IT knowledge from users to manage their remote connections. This is particularly beneficial for small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that do not have dedicated IT teams.

- Modular and scalable architecture**: Tosibox is highly scalable, meaning companies can start with a small installation and easily expand as they grow. Adding new devices or users to the network is simple and can be done without overhauling the existing infrastructure. - Multi-location access**: With Tosibox, customers can easily manage multiple locations or installations under a single secure network, which is ideal for companies with multiple branches, offices, or facilities.

- Lower IT and maintenance costs**: Tosibox simplifies the management of external networks and devices, reducing the need for specialized IT personnel and expensive network management solutions. This results in lower ongoing maintenance and operational costs. - Licensing costs**: TosiBox often features a hardware-based solution that avoids complex, recurring licensing costs, making it a more cost-effective option for long-term use. ** Tosibox does incur licensing costs for expanding the software in its package, such as a HUB, or should there be a greater need for SAAS in the future. Please contact Simhuis to inquire about what Tosibox can do for you.

- Real-time monitoring and troubleshooting**: With Tosibox, companies can monitor systems in real time, allowing potential problems to be detected early and resolved faster. This minimizes downtime and ensures that systems remain operational. - Remote maintenance**: With Tosibox, technicians can perform maintenance tasks, updates, and repairs remotely without having to physically visit the location, saving time and travel costs. - **Automatic connection restoration**: If a connection is lost, the Tosibox software automatically restores it, ensuring consistent access to remote systems.

- **Works with existing infrastructure**: Tosibox is compatible with a wide range of devices and systems, including older equipment. This allows companies to easily integrate Tosibox into their existing infrastructure without costly upgrades. - **Cross-Platform Support**: Tosibox works on multiple operating systems (Windows, macOS, Android, iOS), giving users flexibility in how they access their networks.

- **Stable connections**: Tosibox ensures reliable remote access, even in challenging environments or locations with limited internet connectivity. This reliability is particularly important for companies with critical systems that require constant monitoring and control. - **Redundant systems**: Tosibox's architecture supports redundancy setups, which helps prevent single points of failure and ensures that companies have continuous access to their systems.

- Complies with Cybersecurity Regulations**: Tosibox helps companies comply with strict cybersecurity regulations and standards, such as GDPR in Europe or NIS2 legislation and UN (R155 & R156) worldwide, by providing robust encryption and secure access methods. - Industry-Specific Solutions**: Tosibox is widely used in industries such as automation, building management, energy, healthcare, and more. The design is well-suited to meet the regulatory and operational needs of these industries.

- Logging and Monitoring**: Tosibox offers detailed logs and audit trails of all remote access sessions, allowing companies to track who accesses the network and when. This is particularly valuable for regulatory compliance and security monitoring. - **User Activity Tracking**: The ability to track user activity in real-time provides better insight into how systems are accessed and helps detect unauthorized or suspicious activity.

   - Granulaire toegangscontrole**: Met Tosibox kunnen bedrijven verschillende toegangsniveaus toewijzen aan verschillende gebruikers, zodat alleen geautoriseerd personeel toegang heeft tot kritieke systemen. Dit kan worden beheerd via rollen en machtigingen, wat zorgt voor meer veiligheid en flexibiliteit.

- Ready for IoT**: Tosibox is highly suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, enabling companies to securely connect and manage large numbers of IoT devices in industrial environments such as manufacturing, energy management, and smart buildings. - Automation integration**: Tosibox integrates with industrial automation systems, making it easier to remotely control, monitor, and update automation equipment.

- Minimized downtime**: Redundancy ensures that if a server or component fails, another immediately takes over, keeping services available with little to no interruption. This is crucial for companies with business-critical applications that must remain operational 24/7. - **Failover mechanism**: In the event of an unexpected problem, a redundant setup automatically shifts workloads to backup systems or servers, limiting the risk of downtime.

- **Prevention of data loss**: Redundant cloud systems often replicate data across multiple locations or servers. If a data center fails (due to a power outage, natural disaster, etc.), your data remains accessible from another location. - Rapid recovery**: Thanks to redundancy, recovery time in the event of a failure is minimal, allowing businesses to get back online faster without losing critical data or experiencing prolonged service interruptions.

- Load Balancing**: Redundant setups can distribute workloads across multiple servers, optimizing performance. This load balancing can also prevent a single server from being overwhelmed by heavy traffic, leading to better service quality. - Scalability**: Redundancy is often accompanied by the ability to dynamically scale resources. If a server or system reaches its capacity, additional resources can be allocated without interrupting the service.

- Consistent service**: A redundant cloud solution increases the reliability of the services provided and fosters customer and user trust. For online services, this can be crucial for maintaining a positive reputation. - **Guaranteed Service Level Agreements (SLAs)**: Cloud providers with redundancy often offer stronger SLAs and promise a higher uptime percentage (often 99.9% or more). This provides additional assurance that the service will be operational and reliable.

- Geographic redundancy**: In a redundant cloud setup, data can be stored in multiple geographic regions, reducing the risk of data loss due to a local failure (e.g., natural disasters, regional power outages). - Backup integrity**: With redundancy, backups are often stored on different servers or data centers, meaning that even if one backup is compromised, the other remains intact. This ensures that your data is protected even in extreme circumstances.

- No single point of failure**: Redundant systems eliminate the risk of a single server or component bringing down the entire system. By having multiple layers of redundancy (infrastructure, storage, networks), a failure at any level does not jeopardize the entire system. - Component-level redundancy**: Redundant cloud solutions also apply redundancy at various layers (power supply, network connections, storage). This ensures that a failure in one component does not affect the performance of the entire system.

- Lower downtime costs**: Although redundant solutions may entail higher initial costs, the long-term savings from avoiding downtime, lost revenue, and reputational damage often outweigh the investment. Avoiding just one major outage, for example, can result in significant cost savings. - Reduced infrastructure maintenance**: A redundant cloud setup reduces the need for internal infrastructure management and disaster recovery planning by transferring that responsibility to the cloud provider.

- Data protection and compliance**: For sectors where data protection is of crucial importance (e.g., healthcare, finance), redundancy helps meet regulatory requirements for data integrity and availability, ensuring compliance with legal standards such as GDPR, HIPAA, or PCI DSS. - Audits and reporting**: A well-implemented redundant system can generate logs and data to demonstrate compliance with industry standards, enabling companies to pass audits or certifications.

- Adaptability to changing needs**: Redundant cloud solutions are designed to be flexible and scalable. If a company grows or operational needs change, resources can be easily adjusted without extensive re-engineering. - Infrastructure independence**: Thanks to cloud redundancy solutions, companies remain less dependent on specific physical hardware. As technology evolves, cloud providers upgrade systems so that companies are ready for the future.

- Operational confidence**: Knowing that multiple layers of protection are in place, IT teams and business leaders can focus on strategic objectives instead of constantly worrying about downtime or system failures.